The "New Space" era has transformed space into a critical domain for security, commerce, and digital infrastructure, but it has also introduced significant cybersecurity challenges. The digitalization of satellite systems has expanded the attack surface for cyber threats, making Anti-Satellite (ASAT) cyber operations a growing concern. This paper examines the intersection of cyberspace and space security, highlighting satellite vulnerabilities, supply chain risks, and global stability implications. It also explores the European Union’s strategic response, including the EUSSD, strengthened legislation, and inter-agency cooperation. Addressing cyber-ASAT threats will require international collaboration, strong cybersecurity policies, and proactive mitigation strategies to ensure space resilience.
India’s development of a ballistic missile system is threatening the credibility of Pakistan’s nuclear deterrent. To regain its credibility, Pakistan is improving its nuclear arsenal, quantitatively and qualitatively, which might lead to an arms race. Additionally, a more developed Indian BMD system would incentivise both India and Pakistan to conduct a nuclear first strike during a conflict.
The article will delve into the evolving dynamics of the Indian-Russian relationship post-Jaishankar visit to Moscow in December 2023. Pointing to India’s neutrality during the Russian-Ukraine conflict, it underscores India's prioritisation of national interests in its foreign policy approach. Lastly, the article highlights the potential challenges India faces in maintaining a delicate balance between the West, Russia, and China, shedding light on the intricacies of its geopolitical navigation.
